• The updated handbook offers an overview of 30 SSA issuers (including 10 new names), with strong ESG issuance track records, combining credit fundamentals, funding strategies and sustainable finance credentials
• SSA credit metrics remain robust, with 84% rated ‘AA’ or higher and combined balance sheets totalling €4.3tr in 2024. Several institutions target >50% of annual issuance towards socially relevant sectors, tied to the overarching pursuit of the UN SDGs
• Social bond formats remain a key channel to address policy objectives, with several entities regularly issuing benchmark-sized transactions to support affordable housing, employment, healthcare, and SME finance
• SSAs are well positioned to adapt to evolving regulatory shifts that may challenge established funding models, while structural reforms at the MDB level and hybrid issuance formats are set to unlock new lending capacity